Walk into almost any office in Egypt and you pass the same device on the way in: a small scanner on the wall that reads a fingerprint, or a face, to log who arrived and when. It is so ordinary that no one thinks of it as a legal matter at all. Under the Personal [...]
By Karim El Sayed The cleanest assumption an international company can make about Egypt is also the most expensive one to get wrong: we have no entity there, so Egyptian law does not reach us. It is not true of the Personal Data Protection Law. If your company processes the personal data of people located [...]
Most international companies operating in Egypt believe they have never transferred personal data abroad. They are wrong. And the mistake carries criminal liability. If your company stores employee or customer data on Microsoft 365, Google Workspace, AWS, Azure, or an HR platform like Workday or SAP SuccessFactors — and those servers sit outside Egypt — [...]
In most companies, tax sits with finance. The directors set strategy, the finance team handles returns and filings, and if something goes wrong with tax, it is treated as a corporate problem — a matter of assessments, fines, and adjustments paid by the company. For businesses operating in Egypt, that mental model is incomplete, and [...]
Ask most people when a business must register for VAT in Egypt, and they will name a number: half a million pounds of turnover. It feels like a comfortable runway — operate, grow, and worry about VAT once you approach the threshold. For a large category of businesses, that belief is simply wrong, and acting [...]
Ask most people when a business must register for VAT in Egypt, and they will name a number: half a million pounds of turnover. It feels like a comfortable runway — operate, grow, and worry about VAT once you approach the threshold. For a large category of businesses, that belief is simply wrong, and acting [...]
Every month, a foreign company operating in Egypt pays for services that originate abroad — management and service fees from a parent company, software and cloud subscriptions, consultants, marketing agencies, engineering support, intellectual property licenses. None of these foreign suppliers charges Egyptian VAT. So the VAT is never recorded. And quietly, transaction by transaction, a [...]
Ministerial Decision No. 66 of 2017 — implementing the Value Added Tax Law (Law No. 67 of 2016). Issuance Provisions and Articles 1–79, current through October 2025. The Egyptian VAT Executive Regulations, issued by Ministerial Decision No. 66 of 2017, are the operative rules that put Egypt's Value Added Tax Law (Law No. 67 of [...]
Egypt's drug track-and-trace regime has moved from aspiration to enforcement. Under the Egyptian Drug Authority's Decrees No. 475 and No. 804 of 2025, a single coding or data failure can render an otherwise sound product legally "non-compliant" — and that status can suspend the product's circulation, suspend its supply, and lead to seizure and destruction [...]
Issued: 5 September 2016 | Published: Official Gazette No. 35 bis (ج), 7 September 2016 | In force from: 8 September 2016 | Issued by: Abdel Fattah El-Sisi, President of the Republic Incorporates all amendments through Law No. 3 of 2022 (effective 27 January 2022). Arabic official text is authoritative in all cases. Translation by [...]
