Your Fingerprint Clock-In Machine Is Processing Sensitive Data Under Egyptian Law (Art. 12)
Walk into almost any office in Egypt and you pass the same device on the way in: a small scanner on the wall that reads a fingerprint, [...]
You Have No Office in Egypt. The Data Protection Law Still Requires a Local Representative There (Art. 4)
By Karim El Sayed The cleanest assumption an international company can make about Egypt is also the most expensive one to get wrong: we have no entity [...]
Your Microsoft 365 Is Already a Cross-Border Data Transfer Under Egyptian Law (Art. 14)
Most international companies operating in Egypt believe they have never transferred personal data abroad. They are wrong. And the mistake carries criminal liability. If your company stores [...]
When a Tax Problem Becomes Personal: Director and Manager Liability for Tax in Egypt
In most companies, tax sits with finance. The directors set strategy, the finance team handles returns and filings, and if something goes wrong with tax, it is [...]
No E-Invoice, No Deduction: Electronic Invoicing and Input VAT Recovery in Egypt
Ask most people when a business must register for VAT in Egypt, and they will name a number: half a million pounds of turnover. It feels like [...]
VAT Registration in Egypt: The Threshold Trap and the 30-Day Clock
Ask most people when a business must register for VAT in Egypt, and they will name a number: half a million pounds of turnover. It feels like [...]
Reverse-Charge VAT on Imported Services in Egypt: A Hidden Liability for Foreign Companies
Every month, a foreign company operating in Egypt pays for services that originate abroad — management and service fees from a parent company, software and cloud subscriptions, [...]
Egyptian VAT Executive Regulations: Full English Translation
Ministerial Decision No. 66 of 2017 — implementing the Value Added Tax Law (Law No. 67 of 2016). Issuance Provisions and Articles 1–79, current through October 2025. [...]
Non-Compliant by Default: Egypt’s National Drug Track-and-Trace Mandate and the Risk of a Frozen Supply Chain
Egypt's drug track-and-trace regime has moved from aspiration to enforcement. Under the Egyptian Drug Authority's Decrees No. 475 and No. 804 of 2025, a single coding or [...]