Every month, a foreign company operating in Egypt pays for services that originate abroad — management and service fees from a parent company, software and cloud subscriptions, consultants, marketing agencies, engineering support, intellectual property licenses. None of these foreign suppliers charges Egyptian VAT. So the VAT is never recorded. And quietly, transaction by transaction, a [...]
Ministerial Decision No. 66 of 2017 — implementing the Value Added Tax Law (Law No. 67 of 2016). Issuance Provisions and Articles 1–79, current through October 2025. The Egyptian VAT Executive Regulations, issued by Ministerial Decision No. 66 of 2017, are the operative rules that put Egypt's Value Added Tax Law (Law No. 67 of [...]
Egypt's drug track-and-trace regime has moved from aspiration to enforcement. Under the Egyptian Drug Authority's Decrees No. 475 and No. 804 of 2025, a single coding or data failure can render an otherwise sound product legally "non-compliant" — and that status can suspend the product's circulation, suspend its supply, and lead to seizure and destruction [...]
Issued: 5 September 2016 | Published: Official Gazette No. 35 bis (ج), 7 September 2016 | In force from: 8 September 2016 | Issued by: Abdel Fattah El-Sisi, President of the Republic Incorporates all amendments through Law No. 3 of 2022 (effective 27 January 2022). Arabic official text is authoritative in all cases. Translation by [...]
A foreign energy company installs waste heat recovery equipment at an Egyptian petroleum facility. The installation is completed on schedule. The commercial deliverables under the partnership agreement are met. The equipment performs as specified. Both parties consider the engagement a success. What neither party addressed is that the installation altered the facility's electricity generation profile. [...]
A foreign technology company deploys a team of engineers at an Egyptian petroleum facility. The engineers work on-site for six months — installing equipment, commissioning systems, running tests. They consume electricity throughout. The facility's management never raises the issue. The commercial contract says nothing about it. Two years later, the Egyptian prosecutor's office opens an [...]
A European company wins a contract to install waste heat recovery systems at an Egyptian petroleum facility. The equipment is commissioned. It begins generating electricity from thermal waste that would otherwise be lost. The facility's energy costs drop. Both parties are satisfied. Six months later, the Egyptian regulatory authority opens an inquiry. The company has [...]
Issued by: President Abd El-Fattah El-Sisi | Published: Official Gazette, Issue 27 bis (c), 8 July 2015 | Effective: 9 July 2015 | As amended by: Law No. 192 of 2020 and Law No. 70 of 2021 The Arabic official text is authoritative. This translation is prepared for reference purposes only. Preamble Law No. 87 [...]
MINISTERIAL DECISION NO. 230 OF 2016 EXECUTIVE REGULATIONS OF THE ELECTRICITY LAW Issued Pursuant to Electricity Law No. 87 of 2015 Published in the Official Gazette, Issue 118 (Supplement), 23 May 2016 | Effective as of 24 May 2016 The Arabic official text is authoritative. This translation is prepared for reference purposes only. PREAMBLE Decision [...]
By Karim El Sayed — Managing Partner, Consortio Law Firm The decision to end a contractual relationship in Egypt — whether with a commercial agent, an employee, or a service provider — is almost never as straightforward as it appears from a foreign company's perspective. The contracts look familiar. The termination clauses look standard. The [...]
